2025-09-16 |BAKTH
We categorize batteries based on cathode chemistries and electrolyte types (Table 1). The main chemistries are: LCO, NMC, LFP(a.k.a. LiFePO4)
Lithium-iron-phosphate (LFP) cathodes are gradually gaining popularity. They are noticeably safer than the old-fashioned Li-ion batteries of earlier generations, and their service life exceeds 4,000 cycles (Plot 2.). It is ideal for grid storage and electric buses. ?
Lithium Cobalt Oxide (LCO) offers high energy density up to 190 Wh/kg (Plot 1.), and is mostly used in smartphones, tablets, and cameras.
Nickel-manganese-cobalt (NMC) cathodes are used in electric vehicles and tools because balanced performance is important there.

BAK Technologies customizes lithium ion battery solutions for clients in different applications and manufactures these diverse battery types. You can find our li ion batteries in electronics, automotive, aerospace, and energy sectors.
| Battery Type | Cathode Material | Energy Density (Wh/kg) | Cycle Life (Cycles) | Common Applications |
| LCO (Lithium Cobalt Oxide) | LiCoO₂ | 150-190 | 500-1000 | Mobile phones, laptops |
| NMC (Nickel Manganese Cobalt) | Li(NiMnCo)O₂ | 150-220 | 1000-2000 | Power tools, EVs |
| LFP (Lithium Iron Phosphate) | LiFePO₄ | 90-120 | 2000-4000 | Electric buses, ESS |
| NCA (Nickel Cobalt Aluminum) | LiNiCoAlO₂ | 200-260 | 500-1000 | Tesla EVs |
| LMO (Lithium Manganese Oxide) | LiMn₂O₄ | 100-140 | 300-700 | Medical devices, power tools |
| LTO (Lithium Titanate) | Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ | 70-80 | 3000-7000 | Solar lights, EVs |
| Li-Polymer | Various | 100-200 | 500-1000 | Smartphones, RC models |
| Solid-state Lithium Ion | Solid electrolytes | 250-350 | 1000-2000 | Future EVs (development) |
| High-voltage Spinel | LiMn₁.₅Ni₀.₅O₄ | 120-150 | 500-1000 | EVs, power tools |
| Lithium Sulfur | Sulfur | 400-600 | 100-500 | Aerospace (experimental) |